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February 28 Incident
The February 28 Incident ((中国語:二二八事件)) or February 28 Massacre, also known as 228 Incident, was an anti-government uprising in Taiwan. Taking its name from the date of the incident, it began on February 27, 1947, and was violently suppressed by the KMT-led Republic of China government, which killed thousands of civilians beginning on February 28. Estimates of the number of deaths vary from 10,000 to 30,000 or more. The massacre marked the beginning of the Kuomintang's White Terror period in Taiwan, in which thousands more inhabitants vanished, died, or were imprisoned. This incident is one of the most important events in Taiwan's modern history, and is a critical impetus for the Taiwanese independence movement.
In 1945, 50 years of Japanese rule of Taiwan ended when Japan lost World War II. In October, the United States, on behalf of the Allied Forces, handed temporary administrative control of Taiwan to the Kuomintang-administered Republic of China (ROC) under General Order No. 1 to handle the surrender of Japanese troops and ruling administration. Local inhabitants became resentful of what they saw as high-handed and frequently corrupt conduct on the part of the KMT authorities, their arbitrary seizure of private property, and their economic mismanagement. The flashpoint came on February 27 in Taipei, when a dispute between a cigarette vendor and an officer of the Office of Monopoly triggered civil disorder and an open rebellion that lasted for days. The uprising was violently put down by the military of the Republic of China and the island was placed under martial law.
The subject was officially taboo for decades. On the anniversary of the event in 1995, President Lee Teng-hui addressed the subject publicly, a first for a Taiwanese head of state. The event is now openly discussed and February 28 is commemorated by Peace Memorial Day ( ), and details of the event have become the subject of government and historian investigation. Every February 28, the president of the ROC gathers with other officials to ring a commemorative bell in memory of the victims. The president bows to family members of 2/28 victims and gives each one a certificate officially exonerating any victims previously blacklisted as enemies of the state. Monuments and memorial parks to the victims of 2/28 have been erected in a number of Taiwanese cities, including Kaohsiung and Taipei.〔(二二八紀念碑 )〕〔(新新聞521期:比較全台灣各地二二八紀念碑的碑文與形式 )〕 Taipei's former "Taipei New Park" was rededicated as 228 Peace Memorial Park and houses the National 228 Memorial Museum to commemorate the tragic incident, which opened on February 28, 1997, and re-opened on February 28, 2011, with new permanent exhibits.
==Naming==
The name given to the incident derives from the conventions used in Chinese to give dates in Chinese, this date format, is of the form "year-month-day". Chinese has no common names for months so months are given as numbers, and a date will be given in the form "''a''-''b''-''c''-''d'' year, ''x'' month, ''y'' day, with all numbers being read out as cardinals with no leading zeroes. In Chinese therefore February 28, 1947 would be rendered as "one nine four seven year, two month, two (tens) eight day". For brevity just the numbers are given, and if a date has gained significance the day and month without the year become sufficient to name the event. The naming of the incident as the "Two-Two-Eight Incident" follows the same conventions used in Chinese to name the May Fourth Movement (Five-Four Movement), Tiananmen Incident (Four-Five Movement) and Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 (Six-Four Incident).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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